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CSS

Sébastien Merour
publié le 13/06/2020 à 16h15 | modifé le 13/06/2020 à 19h00
Catégorie : LangagesCommentaires (24645)
CSS
Description

Le CSS (Cascading Styles Sheets) est un langage informatique permettant de décrire le style, la présentation d'un document HTML. Là où le HTML va se contenter de structurer un document, le CSS va prendre en charge le style, la mise en page d'une page web.

En réalité, le HTML n'a jamais eu besoin du langage CSS pour être exécuté sur un navigateur web. Cependant, le CSS est devenu rapidement une nécessité afin de séparer ce qui relève purement et simplement de la structure d'une page web (c'est le rôle du HTML), de ce qui relève de la mie en page (formes, couleurs, polices de caractères....).

Le style d'une page web peut être défini de 3 façons :

-soit directement dans la page HTML (avec par exemple la balise style, située dans la partie HEAD de la page)

-soit en mode inline (exemple : utilisation de la balise strong pour mettre en gras un texte)

-soit grâce à un fichier CSS, référencé dans la section HEAD de la page.

Il est évident qu'il est préférable d'utiliser la 3ème méthode. En effet : imaginons qu'un développeur souhaite modifier complètement le design d'un site web, sans pour autant modifier la structure des pages web. C'est là que le fichier CSS a son intérêt : le développeur pourra modifier le style du site en ne modifiant que le fichier CSS du site. Ce sera d'autant plus utile si le site web contient de très nombreuses pages.

Il est possible également qu'une page web ou qu'un site fasse appel à plusieurs fichiers CSS. Par exemple, il est fréquent de voir un fichier CSS différent pour chaque taille d'écran, afin de rendre un site 100% responsive.

Par ailleurs, le CSS est devenu de plus en plus puissant au fil des années. Désormais, le CSS permet d'afficher par exemple des animations, ou des graphiques particulièrement complexes.

Les sélecteurs

Le principe du CSS repose sur la sélection : on sélecte un élément (par exemple un type de balise, ou bien une balise possédant un identifiant) pour lui appliquer un style. On pourra par exemple appliquer une couleur rouge pour tous les titres de type H3.

Box Model

Tous les élements HTML (une image, un paragraphe, un formulaire...) peut être considéré comme une boîte. Pour définir cette boîte, on utilise 4 élements :

- Margin (Marge - l'espace qui est en dehors de la bordure)

- Border (Bordure - la bordure qui est autour du padding)

- Padding (Ecart - l'écart entre le contenu et la bordure)

- Content (Contenu - par exemple le texte et les images)

Grid

Grid est un principe CSS permettant d'afficher un Layout en mode "grille". Le développeur peut utiliser ce principe pour positionner des éléments dans une grille, en faisant varier par exemple la taille de chaque case, ou l'orientation de chaque rangée, etc...

Pour afficher un layout en mode Grid, il est nécessaire d'insérer l'instruction display: grid

Flexbox

Auparavant, nous avions 4 formats de Layouts possibles :

- Block, pour les sections d'une page

- Inline, pour le texte

- Table, pour afficher un tableau

- Positioned, pour positionner explicitement un élément.

L'arrivée du concept du Flexbox facilite la création de layout, sans avoir à utiliser les notions de float ou de position.

Pour activer la notion de flexbox sur un élément, il est nécessaire d'appliquer un affichage flex avec l'instruction display: flex

Les proprités d'un conteneur Flex sont les suivantes :

flex-direction

flex-wrap

flex-flow

justify-content

align-items

align-content

Fonctionnalités
Style / Mise en page
Date de création
17/12/1996
Créateur
W3C
Dernière version
3
Langage
CSS
Liens
Aux dernières nouvelles
Depuis 2010, CSS est censé évoluer vers sa version 4. Mais suite au succès de HTML 5 couplé avec CSS 3, il est possible que CSS 4 ne voit jamais le jour, où bien que la notion de version (5 pour HTML et 3 pour CSS) disparaisse, pour devenir des langages en constante évolution.

24645 Commentaire(s)
  1. user
    luxury car rental miami_wsPl
    15/06/2026 à 06h59  commentaire modifé
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  2. user
    luxury car rental miami_moMn
    15/06/2026 à 06h58  commentaire modifé
    Alright let me drop some truth about the Miami rental scene — it's an absolute minefield. Then you actually go to the local office to pick up the car. Totally different vehicle waiting for you — check engine light on, curb rash on every rim, and that "tempting price"? Doesn't include the mandatory $35 daily toll pass or the $250 cleaning fee they sneak in at the end. Fool me ten times? That's just the 305 experience, lesson learned. When you need a reliable and proper premium ride to cruise around, run away from the airport counters. Anyone who's taken public transport here knows the struggle is real about this city, whether you are doing South Beach night out, Bal Harbour shopping spree, or a spontaneous Keys adventure. I've run through maybe 55 rental companies across Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach, until I finally found one outfit that actually delivers what's promised. If you are looking for the only straight shooter for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: mercedes benz rental miami https://luxury-car-rental-miami-10.com. Also, definitely bring quality shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a vampire every single evening. Anyway, glad there's at least one honest rental joint left in this town, let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  3. user
    luxury car rental miami_piMn
    15/06/2026 à 06h57  commentaire modifé
    Alright let me drop some truth about the Miami rental scene — it's an absolute minefield. Then you actually go to the local office to pick up the car. Plus they lock up a surprise $3500 on your card for who knows how long right before giving you the keys. Fool me ten times? That's just the 305 experience, lesson learned. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, run away from the airport counters. Anyone who's taken public transport here knows the struggle is real about this city, whether you are doing South Beach night out, Bal Harbour shopping spree, or a spontaneous Keys adventure. Most of these local agencies are just shiny websites hiding the same beat-up fleet with fresh wax and fake reviews, until I finally found one outfit that actually delivers what's promised. If you are looking for the only straight shooter for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: exotic car rental exotic car rental. Yeah, parking in Brickell will cost you a nice dinner — but that's just how it is down here. Just drive safe out there and absolutely skip that "paint protection" upsell — pure robbery. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  4. user
    luxury car rental miami_keMn
    15/06/2026 à 06h53  commentaire modifé
    Been through enough garbage to last a lifetime, the rental landscape down here is crazy. Then you actually go to the local office to pick up the car. Totally different vehicle waiting for you — check engine light on, curb rash on every rim, and that "tempting price"? Doesn't include the mandatory $35 daily toll pass or the $250 cleaning fee they sneak in at the end. Fool me ten times? That's just the 305 experience, lesson learned. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, do some real digging first and read actual customer reviews. Miami without solid wheels is basically a punishment, especially since the AC must be ice cold and unlimited miles non-negotiable. I've run through maybe 55 rental companies across Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach, until I finally found one outfit that actually delivers what's promised. If you are looking for the only straight shooter for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: exotic car hire miami exotic car hire miami. Also, definitely bring quality shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a vampire every single evening. Just drive safe out there and absolutely skip that "paint protection" upsell — pure robbery. hope this helps some of you save a few bucks.

  5. user
    luxury car rental miami_ksPi
    15/06/2026 à 06h51  commentaire modifé
    I've got the scars to prove it, the rental landscape down here is crazy. Then you show up at the local lot to pick up the car. Different car waiting — scratches everywhere, smells like an ashtray, and that "amazing price"? Doesn't include the mandatory $400 cleaning fee or the $30 per day toll pass you can't waive. Eight years in South Florida and these clowns still almost get me. When you need a proper and reliable premium ride to cruise around, do some real digging first and read actual customer reviews. Miami without decent wheels is basically a hostage situation, whether you are doing South of Fifth brunch, Design District shopping, or a spontaneous Keys trip. Most of these local agencies are just shiny websites hiding the same beat-up fleet with fake reviews, until I finally found one outfit that doesn't play stupid games. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium wheels across South Florida, check the current details here: rent a luxury sedan rent a luxury sedan. Yeah, parking in South Beach will cost you a nice bottle of wine — but that's the Miami tax. Just drive safe out there and absolutely skip that "windshield protection" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. hope this helps some of you save a few bucks.

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