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CSS

Sébastien Merour
publié le 13/06/2020 à 16h15 | modifé le 13/06/2020 à 19h00
Catégorie : LangagesCommentaires (2272)
CSS
Description

Le CSS (Cascading Styles Sheets) est un langage informatique permettant de décrire le style, la présentation d'un document HTML. Là où le HTML va se contenter de structurer un document, le CSS va prendre en charge le style, la mise en page d'une page web.

En réalité, le HTML n'a jamais eu besoin du langage CSS pour être exécuté sur un navigateur web. Cependant, le CSS est devenu rapidement une nécessité afin de séparer ce qui relève purement et simplement de la structure d'une page web (c'est le rôle du HTML), de ce qui relève de la mie en page (formes, couleurs, polices de caractères....).

Le style d'une page web peut être défini de 3 façons :

-soit directement dans la page HTML (avec par exemple la balise style, située dans la partie HEAD de la page)

-soit en mode inline (exemple : utilisation de la balise strong pour mettre en gras un texte)

-soit grâce à un fichier CSS, référencé dans la section HEAD de la page.

Il est évident qu'il est préférable d'utiliser la 3ème méthode. En effet : imaginons qu'un développeur souhaite modifier complètement le design d'un site web, sans pour autant modifier la structure des pages web. C'est là que le fichier CSS a son intérêt : le développeur pourra modifier le style du site en ne modifiant que le fichier CSS du site. Ce sera d'autant plus utile si le site web contient de très nombreuses pages.

Il est possible également qu'une page web ou qu'un site fasse appel à plusieurs fichiers CSS. Par exemple, il est fréquent de voir un fichier CSS différent pour chaque taille d'écran, afin de rendre un site 100% responsive.

Par ailleurs, le CSS est devenu de plus en plus puissant au fil des années. Désormais, le CSS permet d'afficher par exemple des animations, ou des graphiques particulièrement complexes.

Les sélecteurs

Le principe du CSS repose sur la sélection : on sélecte un élément (par exemple un type de balise, ou bien une balise possédant un identifiant) pour lui appliquer un style. On pourra par exemple appliquer une couleur rouge pour tous les titres de type H3.

Box Model

Tous les élements HTML (une image, un paragraphe, un formulaire...) peut être considéré comme une boîte. Pour définir cette boîte, on utilise 4 élements :

- Margin (Marge - l'espace qui est en dehors de la bordure)

- Border (Bordure - la bordure qui est autour du padding)

- Padding (Ecart - l'écart entre le contenu et la bordure)

- Content (Contenu - par exemple le texte et les images)

Grid

Grid est un principe CSS permettant d'afficher un Layout en mode "grille". Le développeur peut utiliser ce principe pour positionner des éléments dans une grille, en faisant varier par exemple la taille de chaque case, ou l'orientation de chaque rangée, etc...

Pour afficher un layout en mode Grid, il est nécessaire d'insérer l'instruction display: grid

Flexbox

Auparavant, nous avions 4 formats de Layouts possibles :

- Block, pour les sections d'une page

- Inline, pour le texte

- Table, pour afficher un tableau

- Positioned, pour positionner explicitement un élément.

L'arrivée du concept du Flexbox facilite la création de layout, sans avoir à utiliser les notions de float ou de position.

Pour activer la notion de flexbox sur un élément, il est nécessaire d'appliquer un affichage flex avec l'instruction display: flex

Les proprités d'un conteneur Flex sont les suivantes :

flex-direction

flex-wrap

flex-flow

justify-content

align-items

align-content

Fonctionnalités
Style / Mise en page
Date de création
17/12/1996
Créateur
W3C
Dernière version
3
Langage
CSS
Liens
Aux dernières nouvelles
Depuis 2010, CSS est censé évoluer vers sa version 4. Mais suite au succès de HTML 5 couplé avec CSS 3, il est possible que CSS 4 ne voit jamais le jour, où bien que la notion de version (5 pour HTML et 3 pour CSS) disparaisse, pour devenir des langages en constante évolution.

2272 Commentaire(s)
  1. user
    luxury car rental miami_vfot
    14/06/2026 à 19h42  commentaire modifé
    Let me save you some serious pain with this Miami rental nonsense. You see this gorgeous deal online — clean spec, fair price, looks like a dream. Plus they put a surprise $4000 hold on your card and say it'll take two weeks to release right before giving you the keys. Eleven years in South Florida and these clowns still almost get me. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, avoid the airport like the plague. Miami without proper wheels is basically a disaster, whether you are doing Key Biscayne sunset, Design District shopping, or a spontaneous drive down to the Everglades. Most of these local agencies are just shiny garbage with fake Google reviews bought in bulk hiding overpriced junk, until I finally found one outfit that actually delivers what's in the photos. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: rent a porsche near me https://luxury-car-rental-miami-11.com. Also, definitely bring polarized shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a blind bat every single evening. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "tire and wheel" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  2. user
    luxury car rental miami_xeet
    14/06/2026 à 19h42  commentaire modifé
    Been there, done that, got the overpriced tow truck receipt to prove it. You find this amazing listing online — gorgeous spec, fair daily rate, looks perfect. Totally different vehicle waiting for you — bald tires, dashboard lit up like a Christmas tree, and that "amazing rate"? Doesn't include the mandatory $40 daily toll pass or the $350 "premium location" fee they spring on you at the counter. Twelve years in South Florida and these jokers still almost catch me sleeping. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, do some real digging first and read actual customer reviews. Anyone who's waited for an Uber in August heat knows the struggle exactly about this city, whether you are doing Coconut Grove brunch, Sunny Isles sunrise cruise, or a spontaneous drive down to the Keys. I've tested maybe 65 rental outfits across Dade, Broward, and Monroe, until I finally found one company that doesn't play stupid games. If you are looking for the only straight shooter for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: renting luxury cars near me renting luxury cars near me. Yeah, parking in Brickell will cost you a nice dinner — but that's the price of paradise. Just drive safe out there and absolutely skip that "windshield protection" upsell — complete waste of money. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  3. user
    luxury car rental miami_djot
    14/06/2026 à 19h41  commentaire modifé
    Let me save you some serious pain with this Miami rental nonsense. Then you actually show up to the local office to grab the keys. Completely different car sitting there — dents everywhere, smells like cheap air freshener covering something worse, and that "dream price"? Doesn't include the mandatory $50 daily insurance or the $300 "administrative fee" they invent at checkout. Fool me eleven times? That's just called living in Miami, lesson learned. When you're searching for a legit and reliable premium ride to cruise around, avoid the airport like the plague. Miami without proper wheels is basically a disaster, especially since the AC must be arctic and unlimited miles non-negotiable. Most of these local agencies are just shiny garbage with fake Google reviews bought in bulk hiding overpriced junk, until I finally found one outfit that actually delivers what's in the photos. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: rental miami car https://luxury-car-rental-miami-11.com. Also, definitely bring polarized shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a blind bat every single evening. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "tire and wheel" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  4. user
    luxury car rental miami_vzet
    14/06/2026 à 19h41  commentaire modifé
    Alright listen up because I'm about to save you a massive headache. You find this amazing listing online — gorgeous spec, fair daily rate, looks perfect. Totally different vehicle waiting for you — bald tires, dashboard lit up like a Christmas tree, and that "amazing rate"? Doesn't include the mandatory $40 daily toll pass or the $350 "premium location" fee they spring on you at the counter. Fool me twelve times? That's just the 305 way, lesson learned. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, do some real digging first and read actual customer reviews. Anyone who's waited for an Uber in August heat knows the struggle exactly about this city, especially since the AC must be ice cold and unlimited miles non-negotiable. Most of these local agencies are just shiny turds with fake five-star reviews bought in bulk online hiding overpriced junk, until I finally found one company that doesn't play stupid games. If you are looking for the only straight shooter for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: exotic rentals in miami beach exotic rentals in miami beach. Also, definitely bring quality shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a zombie every single evening. Just drive safe out there and absolutely skip that "windshield protection" upsell — complete waste of money. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  5. user
    luxury car rental miami_apet
    14/06/2026 à 19h41  commentaire modifé
    Alright listen up because I'm about to save you a massive headache. Then you actually show up to the local office to pick up the car. Plus they freeze a surprise $4500 on your card and say "don't worry, it'll drop off in a week or two" right before giving you the keys. Fool me twelve times? That's just the 305 way, lesson learned. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, run far from the airport counters. Miami without real wheels is basically a nightmare, whether you are doing Coconut Grove brunch, Sunny Isles sunrise cruise, or a spontaneous drive down to the Keys. Most of these local agencies are just shiny turds with fake five-star reviews bought in bulk online hiding overpriced junk, until I finally found one company that doesn't play stupid games. If you are looking for the only straight shooter for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: rental car in miami https://luxury-car-rental-miami-12.com. Also, definitely bring quality shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a zombie every single evening. Anyway, glad there's at least one honest operator left in this rental jungle, hope this helps some of you save a few bucks.

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