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HTML

Sébastien Merour
publié le 13/06/2020 à 15h46 | modifé le 13/06/2020 à 19h00
Catégorie : Langages | Commentaires (17567)
HTML
Description

HTML signifie : Hypertext Markup Language

Le langage HTML est constitué :

- de balises (tags en anglais)

- d'attributs (attributes)

- d'éléments (ce qui se trouve entre la balise ouvrante < et la balise fermante >).

Structure d'une page Web

Une page HTML est constituée au minimum :

- du doctype (pour indiquer au navigateur que le document est de type HTML)

- des balises qui elles-mêmen renferment 2 autres balises : et : ces 3 balises  sont les balises de premier niveau.

La section Head

La balise head renferme plusieurs balises qui sont interprétées par le navigateur, mais dont le contenu n'est pas affiché sur la page.

La section Head contient de nombreuses balises, parmi lesquelles nous trouvons : l'encodage de la page (le plus souvent UTF-8), le titre de la page (balise title) . On y trouve également des balises meta, des liens vers des feuilles de style CSS, et parfois des scripts en Javascript.

Les différentes balises meta et title jouent un rôle primordial pour le référencement.

La section Body

Elle contient au contraire tout ce qui sera affiché sur la page web dans le navigateur. Il existe de nombreux types de balises :

- les balises sectionnantes (permettant de diviser la page en plusieurs sections, comme header, nav, section, footer, article. Elles sont primordiales car elles donnent des indicationx aux moteurs de recherche qui parcourent les pages web).

- les balises de structuration du texte (comme les headings, les blockquotes, les paragraphes)

- les balises de listes (numérotées ou non)

- les balises de tableau (désormais déconseillées pour construire une page web, mais parfois très utiles pour construire le template d'une newsletter)

- les balises de formulaire (form, input, textarea...)

- les balises génériques (div, span...)

Mode d'affichage des éléments HTML

Il existe également une autre façon de distinguer certains types de balises.

On parle parfois en effet de :

- balises "inline" qui permettent de définir l'affichage d'un élément sans retour à la ligne. Parmi les balises inline, nous avons par exemple les balises  span, a, strong, img ...

- balises "blocks": elles occupent toute la largeur disponibles. Lorsque 2 éléments de type "blocks" se suivent, ils sont disposés par défaut l'un en dessous de l'autre. Nous avons par exemple les balises div, h1, p, ul, form, table, blockquote.

-de balises "invisibles" : elles ne s'affichent pas sur la page, comme par exemple la balise meta, inclue dans la partie head de la page.

Fonctionnalités
HTML permet d'écrire de l'hypertexte. Il permet de structurer sémantiquement et logiquement le contenu des pages web, mais aussi d'inclure des éléments multimédia tels que des images ou des vidéos.
Année de création
1992
Créateur
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group
Dernière version
5.2
Langage
HTML
Liens
Aux dernières nouvelles
Actuellement, la dernière version du HTML est le HTML 5. Mais les membres du groupe de travail du W3C veulent créer un HTML Living Standard, une version du HTML qui n'aurait pas de numéro de version. Ainsi le HTML serait en constante évolution.
17567 Commentaire(s)
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    09/04/2026 à 19h57  commentaire modifé
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    09/04/2026 à 17h11  commentaire modifé
    cheap tobacco australia An Online Service Offers Australians Tobacco – But Also "Stop Smoking" Messages There is an online platform offering Australian residents the option to buy tobacco products with home delivery. The website, which goes by Australia Tobacconist Hub, is full of mixed messages: heavy promotion of budget tobacco products alongside official notices about the dangers of smoking. What the Service Offers The platform's main focus is smokers trying to cut costs. Examples from the catalogue include: Double Happiness brand — $190 per carton (10 packs x 20's) Manchester Sapphire Blue - Dubai Version — $220 per block Manchester Special Edition Flow Red - Dubai Edition — $250 per block Manchester Blue Crush (Dubai Version) — $250 per block Dunhill Blue - UK Edition — $220 per carton Dunhill Red (UK Version) — $190 per block Benson & Hedges Gold — $160 per block Zhongnanhai (???) — $180 per carton The seller emphasizes “low costs” (Cheap Tobacco Australia) and the offering of popular brands such as Marlboro, Manchester, Bossku, and Double Happiness. Delivery and Payment Methods The seller advertises fast, reliable, and discreet delivery across Australia (Fast Tobacco Delivery Australia). They claim to accept various payment options including bank transfer, USDT, PayPal, Wise, and more. Customer interaction is done via WhatsApp and email — a common practice in the shadow economy for internet cigarette shops. The Contradiction in Messaging Remarkably, the identical platform that promotes tobacco sales (while officially noting that selling to persons under 18 is illegal) also shows a “STOP SMOKING” banner with an illustration of lungs crossed by a cigarette. In a part named “STOP TOBACCO”, the text states: “Giving up smoking is hard, but each attempt matters. Within minutes, your body begins to heal — and over time, your health and energy come back. Begin your journey now!” This anti-smoking advice appears right next to a product catalogue selling cartons for $160–$250 and a call to action: “Purchase cigarettes online in Australia for the lowest price.” Such hypocrisy is typical of illegal or semi-legal cigarette sellers that try to feign social responsibility while continuing to sell addictive products. Legal Risks The text leaves unclear whether the seller holds a valid Australian retail license for tobacco. Australia is recognised for some of the strictest tobacco laws in the world, including plain packaging requirements and very large tobacco duties. The promise of low-cost smokes — especially “Dubai Edition” or “UK Version” — often indicates products that have evaded taxes, been brought in illegally, or are fake. Final Thoughts The online shop described above is a textbook example of a dark-market cigarette seller. It profits from smokers’ wish for cheaper prices in the face of Australia’s high legal tobacco taxes, while masking itself with superficial “Stop Smoking” slogans and claims of customer care. Those thinking of purchasing should keep in mind that buying unlicensed tobacco carries not only legal risks but also a complete lack of quality or safety guarantees.
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    09/04/2026 à 16h24  commentaire modifé
    Australia Tobacconist Hub The Contradiction of an Australian Cigarette Website: Health Advice vs. Sales An online service has emerged offering Australian residents the opportunity to buy tobacco products with home delivery. The website, which operates under the name Australia Tobacconist Hub, shows a clear inconsistency: aggressive marketing of cheap cigarettes alongside formal warnings about the health risks of tobacco use. What the Service Offers The platform's key focus is people who smoke looking to save money. Among the products listed are: Double Happiness (?? ??) — $190 per carton (10 packs x 20's) Manchester Sapphire Blue (Dubai Edition) — $220 per block Manchester Special Edition Flow Red (Dubai Version) — $250 per carton Manchester Blue Crush (Dubai Version) — $250 per block Dunhill Blue (UK Version) — $220 per carton Dunhill Red (UK Version) — $190 per block Benson & Hedges Gold — $160 per carton Zhongnanhai (???) — $180 per block The seller stresses “competitive prices” (Cheap Tobacco Australia) and the offering of well-known names such as Marlboro, Manchester, Bossku, Double Happiness, and others. Logistics and Payment The seller promises quick, dependable, and private shipping across Australia (Fast Tobacco Delivery Australia). They say they process bank transfers, USDT (cryptocurrency), PayPal, Wise, and other methods. Customer interaction is conducted via WhatsApp, email, and other messaging apps — a standard practice in the grey or black market for internet cigarette shops. Mixed Messages Interestingly, the very same site that promotes tobacco sales (while officially noting that selling to persons under 18 is illegal) also features a “STOP SMOKING” image with an image of lungs crossed by a cigarette. In a heading called “STOP TOBACCO”, the text states: “Giving up smoking is hard, but every effort counts. Within minutes, your body begins to heal — and as time goes by, your health and energy come back. Begin your journey now!” This anti-smoking advice sits directly alongside a list of items for sale with prices from $160 to $250 per carton and a call to action: “Purchase cigarettes online in Australia for the lowest price.” Such hypocrisy is typical of unlicensed or “grey market” tobacco shops that try to feign social responsibility while still pushing harmful goods. Legal Risks The text fails to mention whether the seller possesses a proper local permit for tobacco. Australia is recognised for some of the strictest tobacco laws in the world, including standardised packaging rules and very large tobacco duties. The offer of “cheap” cigarettes — especially “Dubai Edition” or “UK Version” — often points to products that have evaded taxes, been brought in illegally, or are fake. Conclusion The online shop described above is a classic case of a shadow online tobacco business. It exploits smokers’ desire to save money in the midst of Australia’s high legal tobacco taxes, while hiding behind superficial “Stop Smoking” slogans and promises of good service. Potential buyers should remember that purchasing unregulated cigarettes carries not only legal risks but also a total absence of any assurance regarding product safety and authenticity.
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