954549 vues

CSS

Sébastien Merour
publié le 13/06/2020 à 16h15 | modifé le 13/06/2020 à 19h00
Catégorie : LangagesCommentaires (1812)
CSS
Description

Le CSS (Cascading Styles Sheets) est un langage informatique permettant de décrire le style, la présentation d'un document HTML. Là où le HTML va se contenter de structurer un document, le CSS va prendre en charge le style, la mise en page d'une page web.

En réalité, le HTML n'a jamais eu besoin du langage CSS pour être exécuté sur un navigateur web. Cependant, le CSS est devenu rapidement une nécessité afin de séparer ce qui relève purement et simplement de la structure d'une page web (c'est le rôle du HTML), de ce qui relève de la mie en page (formes, couleurs, polices de caractères....).

Le style d'une page web peut être défini de 3 façons :

-soit directement dans la page HTML (avec par exemple la balise style, située dans la partie HEAD de la page)

-soit en mode inline (exemple : utilisation de la balise strong pour mettre en gras un texte)

-soit grâce à un fichier CSS, référencé dans la section HEAD de la page.

Il est évident qu'il est préférable d'utiliser la 3ème méthode. En effet : imaginons qu'un développeur souhaite modifier complètement le design d'un site web, sans pour autant modifier la structure des pages web. C'est là que le fichier CSS a son intérêt : le développeur pourra modifier le style du site en ne modifiant que le fichier CSS du site. Ce sera d'autant plus utile si le site web contient de très nombreuses pages.

Il est possible également qu'une page web ou qu'un site fasse appel à plusieurs fichiers CSS. Par exemple, il est fréquent de voir un fichier CSS différent pour chaque taille d'écran, afin de rendre un site 100% responsive.

Par ailleurs, le CSS est devenu de plus en plus puissant au fil des années. Désormais, le CSS permet d'afficher par exemple des animations, ou des graphiques particulièrement complexes.

Les sélecteurs

Le principe du CSS repose sur la sélection : on sélecte un élément (par exemple un type de balise, ou bien une balise possédant un identifiant) pour lui appliquer un style. On pourra par exemple appliquer une couleur rouge pour tous les titres de type H3.

Box Model

Tous les élements HTML (une image, un paragraphe, un formulaire...) peut être considéré comme une boîte. Pour définir cette boîte, on utilise 4 élements :

- Margin (Marge - l'espace qui est en dehors de la bordure)

- Border (Bordure - la bordure qui est autour du padding)

- Padding (Ecart - l'écart entre le contenu et la bordure)

- Content (Contenu - par exemple le texte et les images)

Grid

Grid est un principe CSS permettant d'afficher un Layout en mode "grille". Le développeur peut utiliser ce principe pour positionner des éléments dans une grille, en faisant varier par exemple la taille de chaque case, ou l'orientation de chaque rangée, etc...

Pour afficher un layout en mode Grid, il est nécessaire d'insérer l'instruction display: grid

Flexbox

Auparavant, nous avions 4 formats de Layouts possibles :

- Block, pour les sections d'une page

- Inline, pour le texte

- Table, pour afficher un tableau

- Positioned, pour positionner explicitement un élément.

L'arrivée du concept du Flexbox facilite la création de layout, sans avoir à utiliser les notions de float ou de position.

Pour activer la notion de flexbox sur un élément, il est nécessaire d'appliquer un affichage flex avec l'instruction display: flex

Les proprités d'un conteneur Flex sont les suivantes :

flex-direction

flex-wrap

flex-flow

justify-content

align-items

align-content

Fonctionnalités
Style / Mise en page
Date de création
17/12/1996
Créateur
W3C
Dernière version
3
Langage
CSS
Liens
Aux dernières nouvelles
Depuis 2010, CSS est censé évoluer vers sa version 4. Mais suite au succès de HTML 5 couplé avec CSS 3, il est possible que CSS 4 ne voit jamais le jour, où bien que la notion de version (5 pour HTML et 3 pour CSS) disparaisse, pour devenir des langages en constante évolution.

1812 Commentaire(s)
  1. user
    luxury car rental miami_jlKl
    14/06/2026 à 18h14  commentaire modifé
    Swear I've seen it all by now, the rental landscape down here is crazy. Then you actually show up to the local office to pick up the car. Plus they slap a surprise $2500 hold on your card for good measure right before giving you the keys. Fool me six times? Yeah, Miami doesn't care, lesson learned. When you genuinely need a legit and reliable premium ride to cruise around, stay far away from the airport rental center. Miami without proper wheels is basically a nightmare, especially since the AC must be arctic and unlimited miles non-negotiable. Most of these local agencies are just polished garbage with decent Google reviews bought somewhere, but I eventually found a service where what you reserve is exactly what rolls up, no surprises. If you are looking for the only trustworthy source for premium vehicles across South Florida, check the current details here: car hire miami beach florida https://luxury-car-rental-miami-6.com. Yeah, parking in South Beach will cost you a nice dinner — but that's the price of admission. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "damage waiver" upsell — total scam 99% of the time. hope this helps some of you save a few bucks.

  2. user
    luxury car rental miami_mwot
    14/06/2026 à 18h12  commentaire modifé
    Trust me, I've learned everything the hard way so you don't have to. Then you actually show up to the local office to grab the keys. Plus they put a surprise $4000 hold on your card and say it'll take two weeks to release right before giving you the keys. Eleven years in South Florida and these clowns still almost get me. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, do some real digging first and read actual customer reviews. Anyone who's tried the bus here knows exactly what I mean about this city, whether you are doing Key Biscayne sunset, Design District shopping, or a spontaneous drive down to the Everglades. Most of these local agencies are just shiny garbage with fake Google reviews bought in bulk hiding overpriced junk, but I eventually found a service with no games, no switch, and no hidden BS in paragraph 12 of the contract. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: luxury car rental agency luxury car rental agency. Yeah, parking in South Beach will cost you a nice bottle of champagne — but that's the Miami tax. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "tire and wheel" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. hope this helps some of you save a few bucks.

  3. user
    luxury car rental miami_mmot
    14/06/2026 à 18h12  commentaire modifé
    Let me save you some serious time, learned this the hard way. Then you actually show up to the local office to grab the keys. Plus they put a surprise $4000 hold on your card and say it'll take two weeks to release right before giving you the keys. Eleven years in South Florida and these clowns still almost get me. When you're searching for a legit and reliable premium ride to cruise around, avoid the airport like the plague. Anyone who's tried the bus here knows exactly what I mean about this city, especially since the AC must be arctic and unlimited miles non-negotiable. Most of these local agencies are just shiny garbage with fake Google reviews bought in bulk hiding overpriced junk, but I eventually found a service with no games, no switch, and no hidden BS in paragraph 12 of the contract. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: rent urus miami https://luxury-car-rental-miami-11.com. Yeah, parking in South Beach will cost you a nice bottle of champagne — but that's the Miami tax. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "tire and wheel" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  4. user
    luxury car rental miami_hnot
    14/06/2026 à 18h10  commentaire modifé
    Trust me, I've learned everything the hard way so you don't have to. You see this gorgeous deal online — clean spec, fair price, looks like a dream. Plus they put a surprise $4000 hold on your card and say it'll take two weeks to release right before giving you the keys. Eleven years in South Florida and these clowns still almost get me. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, avoid the airport like the plague. Miami without proper wheels is basically a disaster, especially since the AC must be arctic and unlimited miles non-negotiable. I've tested maybe 60 rental companies across Dade, Broward, and Collier, but I eventually found a service with no games, no switch, and no hidden BS in paragraph 12 of the contract. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: miami exotic car rental miami miami exotic car rental miami. Also, definitely bring polarized shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a blind bat every single evening. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "tire and wheel" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. let me know if you guys have any other clean spots.

  5. user
    luxury car rental miami_vdot
    14/06/2026 à 18h10  commentaire modifé
    Let me save you some serious time, learned this the hard way. You see this gorgeous deal online — clean spec, fair price, looks like a dream. Plus they put a surprise $4000 hold on your card and say it'll take two weeks to release right before giving you the keys. Fool me eleven times? That's just called living in Miami, lesson learned. If you are trying to find a legitimate luxury fleet without getting ripped off, do some real digging first and read actual customer reviews. Anyone who's tried the bus here knows exactly what I mean about this city, especially since the AC must be arctic and unlimited miles non-negotiable. Most of these local agencies are just shiny garbage with fake Google reviews bought in bulk hiding overpriced junk, but I eventually found a service with no games, no switch, and no hidden BS in paragraph 12 of the contract. If you are looking for the only honest source for premium rides across South Florida, check the current details here: premium car rental premium car rental. Also, definitely bring polarized shades unless you enjoy driving into the sun like a blind bat every single evening. Just drive safe out there and definitely skip that "tire and wheel" upsell — pure profit for them, zero value for you. hope this helps some of you save a few bucks.

Ajoutez un commentaire :